How to treat skin blemishes
Skin blemishes are discolorations that can affect people of all ages and skin types. Although they generally do not represent a serious health problem, their presence can generate aesthetic concerns and affect self-esteem. Understanding what they are, the most common types, their causes, how to prevent them and the treatment options available is essential to maintaining healthy, even skin.
What are skin blemishes?
Skin blemishes, also known as hyperpigmentation, are areas where the color of the skin is irregular, presenting darker or lighter tones than the surrounding natural tone. These alterations are due to an excessive or deficient production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of the skin, hair and eyes. Spots can vary in size, shape and shade, and although most are harmless, it is important to be aware of changes that may indicate more serious conditions.
Most common types of spots
There are several types of skin blemishes, among the most common are:
Pigmented spots (senile spots or solar lentigines): these are small darkened areas that appear mainly in areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, hands and arms. Their main cause is prolonged exposure to the sun.
Melasma or chloasma: Also known as “mask of pregnancy”, it manifests as dark, irregular areas on the face or arms. It predominantly affects women due to hormonal influences, such as pregnancy or the use of oral contraceptives.
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: Appears after healing of a skin lesion, such as acne, cuts or burns, leaving a flat, darker colored spot. It is common in people with acne and can also result from cosmetic procedures.
Age spots: As we age, melanin production becomes irregular, which can cause spots that usually appear in areas exposed to the sun for a long time.
Ephelides (or freckles): These are small, round, light brown spots that become more visible with sun exposure.
Causes of spots
Skin blemishes can be caused by several factors, among the most common are:
Sun exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation stimulates melanin production, which can lead to the appearance of sun spots or lentigines.
Hormonal factors: Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or when taking contraceptives, can trigger melasma.
Age: With aging, the skin tends to develop spots due to the accumulation of sun damage over the years.
Injury or inflammation: Cosmetic procedures, skin infections or conditions such as acne can cause post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Genetic factors: Genetic predisposition may influence the appearance of certain skin blemishes.
How to prevent skin blemishes
Prevention is key to maintaining even, blemish-free skin. Some recommendations include:
Daily use of sunscreen: Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an appropriate SPF helps protect the skin from damage caused by UV radiation.
Avoid sun exposure at peak hours: Limit sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when UV rays are most intense.
Wear protective clothing: Use wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses and long-sleeved clothing to minimize direct sun exposure.
Beware of cosmetic treatments: Consult a dermatologist before undergoing procedures that may irritate the skin and cause hyperpigmentation.
Antioxidant-rich diet: Eating foods rich in vitamins and antioxidants, such as sweet potatoes, mushrooms and salmon, can contribute to skin health and prevent the appearance of spots.
Facial care during pregnancy: During pregnancy, melasma can appear due to hormones. It is recommended to avoid the sun and consult a dermatologist before using any topical treatment.
Treatment for skin blemishes
There are several options for treating skin blemishes, depending on their type, cause and severity. Some of the most common are:
Chemical peels
Chemical peels consist of applying an acid solution to the affected area to remove the superficial layers of the skin. This process generates a controlled exfoliation, allowing the regeneration of a new and uniform skin. It is essential that this procedure be performed by professionals to avoid complications.
Microneedling
This technique uses microneedles to create small perforations in the skin, stimulating the production of collagen and elastin. Although it is best known for treating scars and improving skin texture, microneedling can also be effective in reducing certain blemishes, especially when combined with depigmenting substances.
It is important to note that before starting any treatment, a dermatologist should be consulted to determine the exact cause of the blemishes and to choose the most appropriate therapeutic option.
Skin blemishes are common and, although they generally do not pose a health risk, they can affect appearance and personal confidence. Taking preventive measures and seeking appropriate treatments can help maintain healthy, radiant skin.
Reviewed by Dr. Santiago Guillén
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