How to detect depression

Depression is a mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness, lack of interest in daily activities, and changes in behavior and physical health. Identifying its symptoms and knowing the different types of depression is key to being able to seek help in time and improve the quality of life.

What is depression

Depression is a mental disorder that goes beyond occasional sadness. It is a disorder that interferes with a person's daily life, affecting their personal and work relationships and their general well-being. Its origin can be multifactorial, including biological, psychological and social aspects.

How to recognize depression

The symptoms of depression can vary from one person to another. In order to be diagnosed with a depressive disorder, it is necessary to meet 5 or more of these criteria:

• Persistent sadness and feeling of emptiness most of the day.

• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.

• Fatigue, lack of energy or feelings of worthlessness.

• Changes in appetite and weight increase as well as decrease.

• Trouble sleeping or excessive sleep.

• Difficulty concentrating and making decisions.

• Hopelessness about the future.

• Recurrent thoughts of death.

If a person has these symptoms for more than two weeks, it is important to see a mental health professional for evaluation and possible treatment.

Types of depression

There are different types of depression, and their classification helps determine the most appropriate treatment. Among the main types are:

Major depression.

This is the most severe type, characterized by prolonged episodes of extreme sadness, loss of interest in life, and physical and emotional symptoms that can be disabling. It requires specialized treatment, which may include psychological therapy and psychiatric medication.

Dysthymia, or persistent depressive disorder.

This is a chronic form of depression of lesser intensity, but which can last for years. People with dysthymia often experience episodes of persistent sadness and low self-esteem, although they may continue to function in their daily lives.

Reactive depression

Occurs in response to a stressful or traumatic event, such as the loss of a loved one, a breakup, or problems at work. Although its symptoms may be intense, it usually improves with time and appropriate support.

Causes

The causes of depression can be diverse and include genetic, biological, environmental and psychological factors. Some of the main risk factors include:

• Family history of depression.

• Chronic stress or traumatic experiences.

• Chronic illness or substance use.

Treatment of Depression

Treatment for depression varies depending on the severity and needs of each patient. Common options include:

• Psychological therapy: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and other modalities can help modify negative thought patterns and improve emotional management.

• Medication: Antidepressants, specifically SSRIs (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) can be prescribed by a specialist physician if deemed necessary

• Healthy lifestyle: Exercise, a balanced diet and adequate rest can help improve mood.

• Social support: Knowing how to help a person with depression is essential. Support from friends and family can make a difference in recovery.

The most important thing is not to ignore the symptoms, and to seek professional help in psychology and psychiatry early. Depression is treatable, and with the right approach, people can regain their well-being and quality of life.

Reviewed by Sofía Tarragón and Bárbara González